Foreign Investment & Cross-Border Law in India

Foreign investment into and out of India is regulated through a layered framework: the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA), the Consolidated FDI Policy issued by DPIIT, sectoral caps and conditions, Press Note 3 controls on land-bordering investors, and a stack of RBI master directions that govern reporting, valuation, and remittance.

The articles in this section focus on the compliance pathway that actually matters for technology companies: the entry routes available for a given sector, the FC-GPR and FC-TRS reporting workflow, the practical effect of Press Note 3 on cap-table investors, the rules governing Outbound Direct Investment (ODI) for Indian companies acquiring foreign subsidiaries, and the increasingly tight enforcement posture on FEMA reporting defaults.

Each piece is written from the perspective of a company or transaction team that needs to make a decision, not from the perspective of a generalist treatise. The aim is to make the FEMA/FDI overlay legible at the moment a deal, transfer, or remittance is being structured.